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20世纪 90年代 ,美国“新经济”迅猛发展 ,国家经济实力不断上升 ;俄罗斯经济则积重难返 ,国际地位迅速下降。这并不是历史的巧合 ,而是俄罗斯推行体现美国意志的“华盛顿共识”的必然结果。“华盛顿共识”是美国垄断资产阶级为了扩展全球市场、针对广大发展中国家和社会主义转轨国家的重要经济外交政策。本文着重阐述“华盛顿共识”在俄罗斯得以推行的国际国内背景 ,美国主要利用的工具与手段 ,以及俄罗斯贯彻“华盛顿共识”的后果。
In the 1990s, the “new economy” of the United States witnessed rapid development and the country’s economic strength continued to rise. The Russian economy was experiencing serious difficulties and its international status was rapidly declining. This is not a coincidence of history, but a necessary result of Russia’s “Washington Consensus” embodying the will of the United States. The “Washington Consensus” is an important economic and diplomatic policy of the United States monopoly bourgeoisie in order to expand the global market and target the vast number of developing countries and socialist transition countries. This article focuses on the international and domestic context in which the Washington Consensus was implemented in Russia, the main tools and instruments used by the United States, and the consequences of Russia’s implementation of the Washington Consensus.