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请同学们先做下面几道题试一试：
1. — You’d better go and______（把你的轿车洗洗）.
— No, I’ll do it myself. （wash）
2. Such knowledge is still useful______(当应用) to similar situations in other countries. (when)
3.______（油漆成）red， the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
4. It was cold and damp, the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his______(冻僵了的脸). （freeze）
5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when______at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. being questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
6. When first______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
7. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it______often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain D. explained
8. Helen had to shout______above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
9.______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.
A．Being separated
B．Having separated
C．Having been separated
D．To be separated
10. I’m calling to enquire about the position______ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
11. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained______abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck
C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
12. Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
13. So far nobody has claimed the money______ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
14. Mrs White showed her students some old maps______from the library．
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
15. Though______to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprise B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
16. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already______for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying
C. to lay D. being laid
17.______from the top of the tower ,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A. Seen B. Seeing
C. Have seen D. To see
18. A great number of students______said they were forced to practice the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
19. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if______regularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried out B．carrying out
C．carried out D．to carry out
20. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues______with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
答案与点拨 1至4题是湖北省近四年高考完成句子，答案依次为：
1. have/get your car washed
2. when (it is) applied
3. Painted/Having been painted
4. frozen face
5至20题是今年各省高考题，答案是：
5~10. CBDDCA 11~15. BDACC 16~20. AACCA
仅从湖北省近4年英语高考考查过去分词的题目中可看出，分词在句中有四种功能：宾语补足语、表语、状语和定语。
及物动词的过去分词在时态上表示已完成的动作，即它所表示的动作先于谓语动词；在语态上，过去分词表示被动。上面四个完成句子中的过去分词的动词原形都与相应名词有着逻辑上的动宾关系，从名词角度来说，与动词的关系也可称之为被动关系。分析后则如下：在句中作宾语补足语看该动词与宾语的关系；作表语看该动词与主语的关系；作状语也看与句子主语的关系；作定语看它与中心词的关系，只要动词与相关名词构成动宾关系，即用过去分词。前面题中的四个短语可以理解为如下的动宾结构：wash your car; apply such knowledge; paint the building; freeze face。又如：
1. Such reserved rooms are supposed to give special guests. （作定语）
2. The river polluted by the factories nearby will be cleaned. （作定语）
3. He became upset when he made sure his money had been stolen. （作表语）
4. His wound got infected with a new virus. （作表语）
5. Worried about the time available, ZhangPingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. （作状语）
6. Having been separated from his parents for two months, he is homesick. （作状语）
7. You look different today. Have you had your hair cut? （作宾补）
8. When I entered the hall, I found myself surrounded by a group of students. （作宾补）
不及物动词的过去分词在句中只表示完成，不表示被动。如：
9. You can see some fallen leaves in the corner. （已落下了）
10. There are a lot of newly-arrived students in our school. （新来的）
有很多类似的词组：the risen sun, boiled water, a retired worker等。
过去分词在使用过程中，注意如下几点：
1. 在when, while, if, unless, as if等连词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，过去分词作表语可省去前面的主语和系动词。如上面高考题中的2、5、6、15、19题。又如：
I wouldn’t attend his birthday party unless invited （=I were invited）.
2. 过去分词作定语。一般情况下，单个的过去分词置于名词前，或过去分词短语置于名词后,相当于一个定语从句。如上面高考题中的4、10、13、14和16题。又如：
The broken vase （=The vase which had been broken） lay in ruins on the ground.
The prisoner questioned （=who was questioned）by you last night escaped.
注意过去分词与现在分词被动语态和现在分词被动语态的完成时的区别。现在分词的被动语态强调一个被动的动作正在进行，一般只在句中作定语。现在分词被动语态的完成式强调分词的动作先于句子的谓语动词发生，在句中一般只作状语，如上面高考题中的9题。又如：
A house being built （=which is being built）will serve as our teaching building.
Having been shown around the library, we will visit their stadium.
【练习】
1. A: Could I have a look at the photographs you took when you were in Europe?
B: Sorry, I______ (还没有让人把胶卷冲好) yet. (develop)
2. They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they______ (组织) by a company.(organize)
3.______ (再给一周的时间)， I’ll read the book carefully. (give)
4.______ (一天的工作之后疲劳至极)， he took some tablets to help him feel better.(exhaust)
5. After I woke up, I found myself______
(被一群陌生人包围). （surround）
6. If______ (翻译成英语)， the book should sell well. (translate)
7. He______ (感到失望) at the news that he failed in the exam again. (disappoint)
8. The students remained______(坐在教室后面). （seat）
9. The girl______ (被一只狗吓坏了的) kept weeping there. (frighten)
10. Did you see some______ （已经返程的学生）？（return）
【参考答案】
1. haven’t had the film developed
2. had it organized
3. Given another week
4. Exhausted after a day’s work
5. surrounded by a group of strangers
6. (it is) translated into English
7. felt disappointed
8. seated at the back of the classroom
9. frightened by a dog
10. returned students
1. — You’d better go and______（把你的轿车洗洗）.
— No, I’ll do it myself. （wash）
2. Such knowledge is still useful______(当应用) to similar situations in other countries. (when)
3.______（油漆成）red， the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
4. It was cold and damp, the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his______(冻僵了的脸). （freeze）
5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when______at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. being questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
6. When first______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
7. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it______often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain D. explained
8. Helen had to shout______above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
9.______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.
A．Being separated
B．Having separated
C．Having been separated
D．To be separated
10. I’m calling to enquire about the position______ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
11. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained______abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck
C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
12. Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
13. So far nobody has claimed the money______ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
14. Mrs White showed her students some old maps______from the library．
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
15. Though______to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprise B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
16. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already______for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying
C. to lay D. being laid
17.______from the top of the tower ,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A. Seen B. Seeing
C. Have seen D. To see
18. A great number of students______said they were forced to practice the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
19. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if______regularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried out B．carrying out
C．carried out D．to carry out
20. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues______with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
答案与点拨 1至4题是湖北省近四年高考完成句子，答案依次为：
1. have/get your car washed
2. when (it is) applied
3. Painted/Having been painted
4. frozen face
5至20题是今年各省高考题，答案是：
5~10. CBDDCA 11~15. BDACC 16~20. AACCA
仅从湖北省近4年英语高考考查过去分词的题目中可看出，分词在句中有四种功能：宾语补足语、表语、状语和定语。
及物动词的过去分词在时态上表示已完成的动作，即它所表示的动作先于谓语动词；在语态上，过去分词表示被动。上面四个完成句子中的过去分词的动词原形都与相应名词有着逻辑上的动宾关系，从名词角度来说，与动词的关系也可称之为被动关系。分析后则如下：在句中作宾语补足语看该动词与宾语的关系；作表语看该动词与主语的关系；作状语也看与句子主语的关系；作定语看它与中心词的关系，只要动词与相关名词构成动宾关系，即用过去分词。前面题中的四个短语可以理解为如下的动宾结构：wash your car; apply such knowledge; paint the building; freeze face。又如：
1. Such reserved rooms are supposed to give special guests. （作定语）
2. The river polluted by the factories nearby will be cleaned. （作定语）
3. He became upset when he made sure his money had been stolen. （作表语）
4. His wound got infected with a new virus. （作表语）
5. Worried about the time available, ZhangPingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. （作状语）
6. Having been separated from his parents for two months, he is homesick. （作状语）
7. You look different today. Have you had your hair cut? （作宾补）
8. When I entered the hall, I found myself surrounded by a group of students. （作宾补）
不及物动词的过去分词在句中只表示完成，不表示被动。如：
9. You can see some fallen leaves in the corner. （已落下了）
10. There are a lot of newly-arrived students in our school. （新来的）
有很多类似的词组：the risen sun, boiled water, a retired worker等。
过去分词在使用过程中，注意如下几点：
1. 在when, while, if, unless, as if等连词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，过去分词作表语可省去前面的主语和系动词。如上面高考题中的2、5、6、15、19题。又如：
I wouldn’t attend his birthday party unless invited （=I were invited）.
2. 过去分词作定语。一般情况下，单个的过去分词置于名词前，或过去分词短语置于名词后,相当于一个定语从句。如上面高考题中的4、10、13、14和16题。又如：
The broken vase （=The vase which had been broken） lay in ruins on the ground.
The prisoner questioned （=who was questioned）by you last night escaped.
注意过去分词与现在分词被动语态和现在分词被动语态的完成时的区别。现在分词的被动语态强调一个被动的动作正在进行，一般只在句中作定语。现在分词被动语态的完成式强调分词的动作先于句子的谓语动词发生，在句中一般只作状语，如上面高考题中的9题。又如：
A house being built （=which is being built）will serve as our teaching building.
Having been shown around the library, we will visit their stadium.
【练习】
1. A: Could I have a look at the photographs you took when you were in Europe?
B: Sorry, I______ (还没有让人把胶卷冲好) yet. (develop)
2. They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they______ (组织) by a company.(organize)
3.______ (再给一周的时间)， I’ll read the book carefully. (give)
4.______ (一天的工作之后疲劳至极)， he took some tablets to help him feel better.(exhaust)
5. After I woke up, I found myself______
(被一群陌生人包围). （surround）
6. If______ (翻译成英语)， the book should sell well. (translate)
7. He______ (感到失望) at the news that he failed in the exam again. (disappoint)
8. The students remained______(坐在教室后面). （seat）
9. The girl______ (被一只狗吓坏了的) kept weeping there. (frighten)
10. Did you see some______ （已经返程的学生）？（return）
【参考答案】
1. haven’t had the film developed
2. had it organized
3. Given another week
4. Exhausted after a day’s work
5. surrounded by a group of strangers
6. (it is) translated into English
7. felt disappointed
8. seated at the back of the classroom
9. frightened by a dog
10. returned students