一、引言认知能力是人们在认知领域里表现出来的一种个性心理特征。这种特征乃是个体特有的(与他人异同)、稳定的(表现于多种情况)、可辨别的(与其他特征区分)。既然是一种外显的行为特征,当然也是可以测量的。美国著名的教育心理学家布卢姆在其教育目标分类学中,建立了对构成教育目标的能力与特征进行分类的框架。他将认知领域里的能力水平,按渐次 I. INTRODUCTION Cognitive ability is a personality trait that people show in the cognitive field. This characteristic is individual-specific (similar to others), stable (in many cases), distinguishable (from other characteristics). Since it is an explicit behavioral trait, of course it is measurable. Bloom, a famous American educational psychologist, established a framework for categorizing the competencies and characteristics of educational goals in his educational goal taxonomy. He will recognize the level of competence in the field, press gradually