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目的通过分析柳州市1991—2008年间发生的34起急性职业中毒事故,研究其发生的原因、特点、规律,为探索预防对策和措施提供依据。方法收集中毒事故的现场流行病学调查资料,对事故发生的时间、行业、企业性质、毒物类别、中毒场所、事故发生原因及救援等要素进行统计分析。结果柳州市近9年的中毒事故发生呈上升趋势;中毒事故以金属冶炼行业多发,高毒类化学品引起的事故居首位;救援人员中毒多于现场作业人员中毒;发生事故的主要原因为缺乏安全教育和违反安全操作规程。结论应加强对硫化氢和砷化氢等高毒类和缺氧危险作业环境病死率较高的二氧化碳、一氧化碳等低毒类化学品中毒事故控制对策的研究。
Objective To analyze the causes, characteristics and laws of the 34 acute occupational poisoning incidents that occurred in Liuzhou from 1991 to 2008, and provide the basis for the exploration of preventive measures and measures. Methods Epidemiological survey data of poisoning accidents were collected, and the factors such as the accident time, industry, nature of enterprise, poison category, poisoning place, cause of accident and rescue were analyzed statistically. Results The incidence of poisoning accidents in Liuzhou City was on an upward trend in recent nine years. The accidental accidents were caused by the occurrence of multiple toxic metals in the metal smelting industry and the accidents caused by highly toxic chemicals. Rescue workers were more poisoned than the workers in the field. The main causes of accidents were Lack of safety education and breaches of safety practices. Conclusions The control measures for poisoning accidents of low toxic chemicals, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which have high mortality due to high toxic and hypoxic levels such as hydrogen sulfide and arsine should be strengthened.