呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)是指施行人工机械通气治疗48小时以上并发的肺部感染或原有肺部感染又发生新的感染,并给病原学证实。为接受机械通气治疗患者最常见的医院感染,流行病学资料显示VAP的累计死亡率为10%～25%,归因死亡率为5%～27%。本文对呼吸机相关肺炎的危险因素及预防措施进行综述。 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) refers to a new infection that occurs after more than 48 hours of artificial mechanical ventilation has been treated for pulmonary infection or has been previously reported for pulmonary infection and has been etiologically confirmed. To receive the most common nosocomial infections in patients treated with mechanical ventilation, epidemiological data show a cumulative incidence of VAP of 10% -25% and attributable mortality of 5% -27%. This article reviews the risk factors and preventive measures of ventilator-associated pneumonia.