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药用真菌在中国传统医学中占有重要地位,但面临野生资源稀缺和药用活性成分含量低等问题。Velvet和LaeA蛋白在大多数真菌(低等壶菌类到高等担子菌类)中均存在,对真菌发育与活性成分合成调控具有重要作用,本文阐述了这两类蛋白的结构与功能。Velvet蛋白家族包括VeA(Velvet)、VelB(Velvet like B)、VosA(viability of spores A)和VelC(Velvet like C)4个成员,均具有真菌特异的Velvet结构域,在真菌有性生殖、无性生殖和次生代谢产物合成等方面发挥调控功能,其作用受到光、温度等环境因素影响。LaeA蛋白具有S腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)依赖的甲基转移酶结构域(MTD),通过光受体蛋白介导,调控及修饰Velvet蛋白家族,协同调控真菌的生长发育和次生代谢。因此,阐明药用真菌Velvet和LaeA蛋白作用机制对重要药用真菌资源培育及活性成分合成调控具有指导作用。
Medicinal fungi occupy an important position in traditional Chinese medicine, but are faced with the problems of scarce wild resources and low medicinal active ingredients. Velvet and LaeA proteins are present in most fungi (lower Phylum to higher basidiomycetes) and play an important role in the synthesis and regulation of fungal development and active ingredients. The structure and function of these two types of proteins are described in this article. The Velvet family of proteins, including VeA (Velvet), VelB (Velvet like B), VosA (viability of spores A) and VelC (Velvet like C), all have fungal-specific Velvet domains. Reproductive and secondary metabolites synthesis play a regulatory role, its role by light, temperature and other environmental factors. LaeA protein has S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) -dependent methyltransferase domain (MTD), which mediates, regulates and modifies the Velvet family of proteins via photoreceptor proteins and synergistically regulates fungal growth and secondary metabolism . Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism of action of Velvet and LaeA, a medicinal fungus, has a guiding role in the cultivation of important medicinal fungi and the synthesis and regulation of active ingredients.