论文部分内容阅读
成年监护制度是一项置于民法基础上的制度,但同时具备公共属性,与社会福祉密切相关。但目前国内成年监护制度研究局限于法学角度的制度框架、法律条文的研究,缺少社会保障等学科的实证角度研究。本文在回顾日本成年监护制度修改背景及新制度框架的基础上,依据日本最高裁判所事务总局家庭局的统计数据,分析了制度运用状况、利用者主体、利用目的、监护人主体的状况及变化趋势。结果表明,在老龄社会的进一步深化、成年监护需求越来越大的背景下,日本成年监护制度的利用数量不断增加,但任意监护增加速度相对较慢;利用者年龄结构出现超高龄化;制度利用的目的仍然以财产管理为主,但是人身监护的比例有所上升;亲属监护人逐渐减少,第三者监护人不断增加并成为成年监护人的主体。
The adult guardianship system is a system based on the civil law, but at the same time possesses public properties and is closely related to social welfare. However, at present, the research on adult guardianship system in China is limited to the institutional framework of legal science, the research on legal provisions, and the lack of empirical research on social security and other disciplines. Based on the review of the background and the new institutional framework of the adult guardianship system in Japan, this paper analyzes the status of the system utilization, the main users, the purpose of utilization and the main body of the guardians according to the statistics of the Home Affairs Bureau of Japan’s Supreme Court. The results show that under the background of the further deepening of the aging society and the increasing need of adult guardianship, the number of adult guardianship systems in Japan has been increasing, but the rate of arbitrary guardianship growth has been relatively slow; the age structure of the users has been extremely over-aged; The purpose of utilization is still dominated by property management, but the proportion of personal guardianship has risen; the guardianship of relatives has gradually decreased; the guardians of third parties have been constantly increasing and become the mainstay of adult guardians.