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目的分析南昌市2004-2015年甲型肝炎流行情况,了解甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划前、后南昌市甲型肝炎流行病学特征,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2004-2015年南昌市甲型肝炎疫情进行统计分析,采用SPSS 18.0软件对甲型肝炎疫苗纳入免疫规划前(2004-2007年)、后(2008-2015年)甲型肝炎流行病学特征数据进行分析。结果甲型肝炎发病无明显季节性,甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后,甲型肝炎年平均发病率由9.47/10万降低为1.34/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.40,P<0.05);地区分布由各地区分布有统计学差异(χ~2=173.92,P<0.001)改变为各地区分布无统计学差异(χ~2=7.82,P>0.05),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄分布主要表现为0~和20岁~组发病构成比降低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=118.09,P<0.001),而性别(χ~2=1.61,P>0.05)和职业分布(χ~2=18.63,P>0.05)改变没有统计学意义。结论甲型肝炎疫苗免疫接种对控制甲肝流行取得较好效果,目前南昌市甲型肝炎处于低流行状态。建议在加强甲肝疫苗常规免疫接种基础上,针对农民和学生等高危人群应采取针对性的防控措施。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of hepatitis A from 2004 to 2015 in Nanchang and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Nanchang before and after the hepatitis A vaccine was introduced into the immunization program to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of hepatitis A in Nanchang City from 2004 to 2015. The hepatitis A vaccine was administered before immunization (2004-2007) and then (2008-2015) using SPSS 18.0 software. Hepatitis A epidemiological data were analyzed. Results The incidence of hepatitis A was not significantly seasonal. After the hepatitis A vaccine was introduced into the immunization program, the annual average incidence of hepatitis A was reduced from 9.47 / 100 000 to 1.34 / 100 000, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 6.40, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 7.82, P> 0.05) in regional distribution by the distribution of each district (χ ~ 2 = 173.92, P <0.001) (P <0.05). The distribution of age was mainly associated with a lower incidence of disease in 0 ~ and 20 years old group (χ ~ 2 = 118.09, P <0.001) > 0.05) and occupational distribution (χ ~ 2 = 18.63, P> 0.05) had no statistical significance. Conclusion Hepatitis A vaccine immunization has a good effect on the control of hepatitis A epidemic. At present, Hepatitis A in Nanchang City is in a low prevalence state. It is suggested that on the basis of strengthening routine immunization of hepatitis A vaccine, targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for high-risk groups such as peasants and students.