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骨髓间充质干细胞（ BMSCs）是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的干细胞，其运用在传统治疗的基础上开辟了一种新的生物治疗模式。研究表明，BMSCs对肾损伤有一定治疗作用。其可能的修复机制包括直接分化为肾脏固有细胞参与结构和功能的修复；通过旁分泌机制发挥治疗作用；微泡－mRNA机制；减轻炎症反应，抗纤维化抗凋亡等。另外，基质细胞衍生因子1／CXC 趋化因子受体4／CXC趋化因子受体7轴介导BMSCs归巢的作用非常关键。“,”Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) are stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation.Its application developed a new biological therapy mode based on the traditional treatment.The research suggested that BMSCs have a certain effect on curing kidney injury. The possible repair theory mainly includes:direct differentiation to renal inherent cells involved in the repair of the structure and function,the mechanisms of paracrine,the mechanisms of MVs-mRNA,the mechanisms of inflammation reduction,anti-fibrosis and anti-apoptotic,etc.In addition,the axis of stromal cell derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor-4/CXC chemokine receptor-7 plays a critical role in mediation the homing of BMSCs.