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目的验证简易的膳食多样化分数(DDS)和食物种类多样化分数(FVS)对评估婴儿膳食质量的有效性。方法选取足月、单胎、12月龄健康婴儿,针对父母及照料者调查婴儿喂养情况。调查当日测量获得婴儿体格生长数据。按照婴儿1个月内各类食物摄入频度和种类计算DDS;按照婴儿1周内摄入食物种类计算FVS。详细定量记录婴儿连续3 d的膳食,并运用膳食分析软件计算各种营养素摄入量。结果共236例12月龄婴儿进入分析。婴儿体格生长良好,平均按年龄身长、按年龄体质量、按身长体质量的Z评分(LAZ、WAZ、WLZ)分别达到0.44±0.88、0.78±0.81、0.79±0.83。婴儿热能、蛋白质及绝大多数微量营养素的营养素适宜比例(NAR),即膳食摄入量与WHO推荐摄入量的比值,均超过100%。DDS、FVS、DDS+FVS高分组婴儿的LAZ、WAZ、WLZ均高于相应的低分组婴儿,但差异均无统计学意义。DDS和FVS分别与多种微量营养素的NAR(%)呈显著正相关,DDS+FVS则与更多的微量营养素的NAR(%)呈显著正相关。婴儿体格生长指标与多项微量营养素的NAR(%)呈显著正相关。结论简易的DDS、FVS评分可用于评价婴儿的膳食质量,DDS+FVS可能更有效。增加食物多样性有利于婴儿获得全面平衡的营养,促进其生长。
Objective To verify the effectiveness of simple meal diversification scores (DDS) and food species diversity scores (FVS) in assessing infant diet quality. Methods Select full-term, singleton, 12-month-old healthy infants were investigated for their parents and caregivers infant feeding. Survey on the date of measurement of infant growth data. Calculate the DDS according to the frequency and type of various types of food taken by the infant within one month; calculate the FVS according to the type of food consumed by the infant within one week. Detailed quantitative records of infants 3 consecutive meals, and the use of dietary analysis software to calculate various nutrient intake. A total of 236 12-month-old infants were included in the analysis. The babies grew well and averaged 0.44 ± 0.88, 0.78 ± 0.81 and 0.79 ± 0.83 respectively according to their age, body weight by age and Z score (LAZ, WAZ, WLZ). The appropriate nutrient (NAR) ratio for infant heat, protein, and most micronutrients, ie, the ratio of dietary intake to WHO recommended intake, is more than 100%. The LAZ, WAZ and WLZ of DDS, FVS and DDS + FVS high group infants were higher than those of the corresponding low group infants, but the differences were not statistically significant. There was a significant positive correlation between DDS and FVS and NAR (%) for various micronutrients, while DDS + FVS was positively correlated with NAR (%) for more micronutrients. The index of physical growth in infants was positively correlated with NAR (%) of many micronutrients. Conclusions The simple DDS and FVS scores can be used to evaluate the infant’s diet quality. DDS + FVS may be more effective. Increasing food diversity helps babies achieve full and balanced nutrition and promote their growth.