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目的:探讨超声引导下穿刺取卵术（transvaginal oocyte retrieval，TVOR）后卵巢过度刺激综合征（ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome，OHSS）合并卵巢出血的鉴别诊断、高危因素及治疗体会。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2019年9月期间郑州大学第一附属医院生殖与遗传专科医院收治的取卵术后OHSS合并卵巢出血2例患者资料并进行文献复习。结果:取卵术后OHSS合并卵巢出血2例均为多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）患者，表现为红细胞计数及血红蛋白含量下降、D-二聚体及纤维蛋白（原）降解物（fibrinogen degradation product，FDP）升高、心率加快、卵巢增大、超声提示盆腔无回声区及混合性包块。1例保守治疗，1例手术治疗。结论:OHSS重在预防，取卵术后动态评估血常规可尽早发现卵巢出血，同时机体产生保护性反应导致D-二聚体及FDP在OHSS病理生理基础上进一步升高，需密切监测预防血栓形成。OHSS合并卵巢出血手术难度大且术后存在卵巢穿刺点活动性出血可能。“,”Objective:To investigate the differential diagnosis, risk factors and treatment strategies of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) complicated with ovarian hemorrhage after transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR).Methods:A retrospective clinical study and a literature review were performed to analyze 2 cases of OHSS complicated with ovarian hemorrhage after TVOR from September 2018 to September 2019 in the Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Results:Two cases of OHSS complicated with ovarian hemorrhage after TVOR were both patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), showing the decline of red blood cell and hemoglobin, the increase of D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), heart rate and ovarian size, and pelvic anechoic area and mixed mass in ultrasonogram. One was under conservative treatment, and the other underwent a surgery.Conclusion:Continuous assessment of blood routine can detect hemorrhage early after TVOR. In the meanwhile, the body produces a protective response which contributes to the further rise of D-dimer and FDP on the basis of the pathophysiology characteristics of OHSS. As a result, doctors need to monitor the blood routine closely and prevent thrombosis. The surgery of OHSS combined with ovarian hemorrhage is difficult and there may be active bleeding at the ovarian puncture point after surgery.