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目的了解广州市花都区人群乙型肝炎的感染率、分布特征和发展趋势,为该区评价和制定乙肝防制措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法对样本人群进行血清流行病学调查,并分析结果。结果共调查1～59岁人群419人,HBsAg总携带率为9.1%,将调查人群分为1～岁、7～岁、17～59岁3个年龄组,结果3组的HBsAg携带率分别为2.2%、1.9%、15.0%,HBsAg阳性率随着年龄增高而增高,不同年龄组HBsAg携带率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男女性的阳性携带率分别是8.9%和9.1%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);抗-HBs总阳性率为66.3%,各年龄组的阳性率分别为82.0%、60.2%、63.0%,不同年龄组抗-HBs阳性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同地区HBsAg携带率、抗-HBs水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HBVM全阴率男女性分别为46.9%和51.5%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HBVM全阴率在各年龄组分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),随着年龄的增大而下降。结论花都区自1992年实行新生儿乙肝疫苗大规模接种以来,乙肝发病得到了有效控制。
Objective To understand the prevalence, distribution characteristics and development trend of hepatitis B in Huadu District of Guangzhou City, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating and formulating hepatitis B prevention and control measures in this area. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to carry out a serum epidemiological survey of the sample population and analyze the results. Results A total of 419 residents aged 1-59 years were enrolled. The total HBsAg carrier rate was 9.1%. The survey population was divided into three groups of 1 ~ 7 years old, 17 ~ 59 years old. The results showed that the carrying rates of HBsAg in the 3 groups were 2.2%, 1.9% and 15.0% respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg increased with the increase of age, and the difference of HBsAg carrier rate in different age groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The positive rate of HBsAg in men and women was 8.9% and 9.1% (P> 0.05). The total positive rate of anti-HBs was 66.3%, the positive rates of each anti-HBs were 82.0%, 60.2% and 63.0% respectively. The positive rates of anti-HBs in different age groups were statistically significant (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in HBsAg carrier rate and anti-HBs in different areas (P> 0.05). The total negative rate of HBVM in male and female was 46.9% and 51.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The distribution of HBVM in all age groups was statistically significant (P <0.01) Big and fall. Conclusions Huadu District has effectively controlled the incidence of hepatitis B since the large-scale vaccination of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine in 1992.