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We investigated seasonal dynamics of phenolics substance in leaf and bark of two cultivars of poplar, Populus alba× berolinensis and P. × 'Zhonglin Sanbei 1 ', during autumn temperature drop for analyzing the roles of phenolic secondary metabolites in cold resistance. Results show that the contents of condensed tannin and flavonoid in poplar leaf and the flavonnid contents in bark of P.× 'Zhonglin Sanbei 1' were increased with the decrease of autumn minimum temperature, showing a signifi- cantly negative correlation between the contents of soluble phenolic substance in the leaves and changeable temperature. In contrast, lignin content in the poplar leaves is decreased in the process of temperature drop, showing a significantly positive correlation. These results indicate that the variation in phenolic substance has a close correlation with its cold-resistance during the autumn temperature drop.