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目的:探讨扩张型心肌病（DCM）急性失代偿心力衰竭（心衰）住院患者在常规治疗基础上联合左西孟旦的短期疗效及安全性。方法:连续入选2019年1月1日至2019年12月31日在陆军军医大学第二附属医院心衰中心因DCM急性失代偿心衰住院患者，根据是否应用左西孟旦分为常规药物治疗组（对照组）及常规药物治疗+左西孟旦组（观察组），测量两组患者入院时及出院前血浆B型利钠肽（BNP）、6分钟步行距离（6MWD）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）等指标，比较两组患者治疗前后BNP、6MWD及LVEF的变化，住院时间的差异，以及血压、心率及肾功能的变化。结果:共入选患者188例，对照组92例，观察组96例。（1）两组患者治疗后BNP水平均较治疗前下降（n P均<0.01），观察组BNP下降幅度高于对照组（下降中位值：433.0 pg/mL比69.5 pg/mL），差异有统计学意义（n P<0.01），观察组治疗后BNP下降≥30%的比例也高于对照组（79.2%比30.4%），差异也有统计学意义（n P<0.01）。（2）两组患者治疗后6MWD较治疗前均增加（n P均<0.01），但观察组和对照组患者6MWD增加幅度的差异无统计学意义（增加平均值：89 m比82 m，n P=0.39）。（3）两组患者治疗后LVEF水平较治疗前均增加（n P均<0.01），且观察组患者LVEF增加幅度高于对照组患者（增加平均值：3.9%比0.6%），差异有统计学意义（n P<0.01）。（4）观察组患者住院天数低于对照组患者[（5.0±1.2）d比（6.6±1.5）d]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05），观察组患者治疗后血肌酐及血尿酸水平下降，差异有统计学意义（与治疗前比较，n P均<0.01）。n 结论:DCM急性失代偿心衰住院患者在常规治疗基础上联合使用左西孟旦可以显著降低BNP水平，提高LVEF水平，缩短住院时间，而且对血压水平、血电解质、肾功能无明显不良影响。左西孟旦治疗DCM急性失代偿性心衰患者有效且安全。“,”Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of levosimendan in the treatment of patients hospitalized with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Method:Patients hospitalized with DCM and ADHF in the Department of cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were consecutively enrolled and divided into control group with conventional treatment for DCM and observation group with conventional treatment combined with levosimendan. Clinical parameters such as plasma B type natriuretic peptide (BNP), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) detected by echocardiography on admission and before discharge were measured and the changes of aforementioned parameters during hospitalization as well as length of stay (LOS) in hospital were compared between the control group and observation group. Moreover, the impact of levosimedan on blood pressure, heart rate and renal function were also evaluated.Results:A total of 188 patients were enrolled and 92 in the control group and other 96 in the observation group. (1) There were significant decreases in the levels of BNP for both groups compared with those before treatment (both n P<0.01). The decrease in BNP was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group (median decrease, 433.0 pg/mL vs. 69.5 pg/mL,n P<0.01). The proportion of reduction in BNP ≥ 30% in the observation group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (79.2% vs. 30.4%, n P<0.01). (2) After treatment, 6MWD was increased in both groups compared to that before treatment (both n P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the increase amplitude of 6MWD between the observation group and the control group (mean increase: 89 m vs. 82 m,n P=0.39). (3) The value of LVEF in both groups increased after treatment compared with that before treatment (both n P<0.01), and the increase amplitude of LVEF in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (mean increase: 3.9% vs. 0.6%,n P<0.01). (4) The LOS in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(5.0±1.2) d vs. (6.6±1.5) d, n P0.05), while the levels of serum creatinine and uric acid in the observation group decreased significantly after treatment in comparison with that before treatment (bothn P<0.01).n Conclusion:Administration of levosimendan combined with conventional treatment for patients hospitalized with DCM and ADHF can significantly reduce BNP level, increase LVEF level and shorten LOS without significant adverse effects on blood pressure, blood electrolyte and renal function. Levosimendan is effective and safe in the treatment of patients hospitalized with DCM and ADHF.