目前,反应堆所用材料的可靠性是按其在裂纹生成阶段抗疲劳和脆性断裂能力的定量估价来确定的。然而,国内外原子能发电站的运行经验表明,必须考虑到构件中的裂纹或类似的尖端缺陷(未焊透、夹杂等)它们可能在制造时产生,也可能在结构运行过程中产生在工作负荷和侵蚀介质的作用下,这样的裂纹可能发展并达到临界尺寸。 Currently, the reliability of materials used in reactors is based on their quantitative assessment of fatigue and brittle fracture capability during crack initiation. However, the operational experience of nuclear power plant at home and abroad shows that it is necessary to take into account cracks in components or similar tip defects (impermeable, inclusions, etc.) which may be produced during manufacture and may also occur during the operation of the structure And the erosion of media, such cracks may develop and reach critical dimensions.