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苏联知识分子问题 ,是苏联社会主义建设中一个带有特殊性的重大问题。苏联知识分子对苏共的向背 ,实际上决定了苏联社会主义的成败。苏联知识分子曾经与工人阶级、农民阶级一起创造了建设社会主义的辉煌业绩 ,取得了卫国战争的伟大胜利 ,在科学、文学和艺术创造中也取得了光辉成就。然而 ,与此同时 ,苏联知识分子也曾经在多次的政治运动中遭到压制和批判 ,知识分子的作用和地位始终没有得到苏共领导应有的重视 ,在严密的行政领导和组织控制下 ,知识分子的作用始终没有得到充分的发挥。到戈尔巴乔夫时期 ,由于改革方针的错误 ,政治局势发生动荡 ,知识分子终于站到了苏共的对立面 ,抛弃了苏共 ,抛弃了苏联式的社会主义。本文从理论和实践相结合上论述了苏共最终被苏联知识分子抛弃的原因和教训。
The issue of Soviet intellectuals is a major issue of a particular nature in the Soviet construction of socialism. Soviet intellectuals to the CPSU backwards, in fact, decided the success or failure of Soviet socialism. The Soviet intellectuals, together with the working class and the peasantry, once created the brilliant achievements of building socialism and won the great victory of the Great Patriotic War. The Soviet intellectuals also made brilliant achievements in science, literature and artistic creation. At the same time, however, the Soviet intellectuals were also repressed and criticized in many political campaigns. The role and status of the intellectuals were not always valued by the leaders of the CPSU. Under strict administrative leadership and organizational control , The role of intellectuals has not been fully realized. During Gorbachev’s time, due to the mistakes in the reform policy and the political instability, the intellectuals finally stood on the opposite side of the CPSU, abandoned the CPSU and abandoned Soviet-style socialism. This article discusses the reasons and lessons that the Soviet Union was eventually abandoned by the Soviet intellectuals from the combination of theory and practice.