我国北方新兴的蒙古族,1234年灭掉了女真族,在华北地区建立金国后,继续南下,1279年又捎灭了南宋政权,建立大元帝国,定都燕京(今北京)。北方粮食原来就不能自给,政治中心北移后,更需要大量粮食物资从南方运往北方。中国历史上的“南粮北运”就此开始。但陆上运输既慢,费用又高,运河航路曲折,而且船行驶到中原地区(河南省封丘县境),水路就终止了,必须改用车载牛驮,转运北上,非常困难,因而海上运输受到了重视。丞相伯颜根据秦和隋唐海运漕粮至辽东、宋亡之初由海道载运南宋图藉到京的先例,向元世祖忽必烈建议开辟海上航运,得到了采纳。朝廷先后设置海道运粮镇抚司、运粮万户、运粮千户等官署,专门管理海上运粮,并任命朱清、张瑄为运粮万户,主持修造海船60艘。1282年首次运粮4万6千石到达京师。南北之间的海运,最初自江苏 The new Mongolian people in northern China exterminated the Jurchen people in 1234. After the establishment of the Golden State in North China, they continued their southward movement. In 1279, they again took out the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty and established the Empress Dowager Yencha (now Beijing). Northern food could not be self-sufficient. After the political center moved northward, more food was needed to be transported from the south to the north. China’s history, “South Grain North Yun” began. However, land transport was slow and costly. The route of the canal was tortuous. When the vessel sailed to the Central Plains (Fengqiu County, Henan Province), the waterway was terminated. It was very difficult to transport it to the north and transfer it to the north. Transportation is taken seriously. Prime Minister Bo Yan under the Qin and Sui and Tang dynasties to the Liaodong shipping grain, Song died at the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty figure borrowed from Beijing to set a precedent to the Kushan Khan proposition to open up maritime shipping, has been adopted. The court successively set up the Hokkaido grain and grain processing town divisions, grain transport, grain transport and other government agencies, specializing in the management of the sea transportation of grain, and appointed Zhu Qing, Zhang Jian for grain transportation, presided over the construction of 60 sea vessels. In 1282 the first shipment of grain reached 46,000 stone to reach the capital. Shipping between North and South, originally from Jiangsu