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【目的】在施用化肥的基础上进行秸秆还田是提高砂姜黑土肥力的有效措施,以往的研究只注重秸秆还田对土壤结构、肥力等物理化学性状方面的研究,缺少施肥对砂姜黑土微生物群落影响的研究。本研究以安徽蒙城典型的砂姜黑土为研究对象,以期揭示长期施用化肥和秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响。【方法】采用454高通量测序对砂姜黑土不同农业施肥措施下的细菌群落进行分析研究,并通过生物信息学的分析方法揭示影响砂姜黑土细菌群落的主要因素。【结果】通过对454高通量测序数据的分析,发现砂姜黑土主要的细菌门类为放线菌、变形菌、酸杆菌、绿弯菌和拟杆菌。长期施用化肥显著提高了砂姜黑土肥力和作物产量,但导致了细菌群落结构的显著变化和多样性的显著降低。秸秆还田有利于土壤肥力的进一步提高,但是并没有缓解长期施用化肥对土壤细菌群落产生的不利影响。分析发现土壤p H的变化是导致土壤细菌群落变异的主要因素。【结论】在施用化肥的基础上进行秸秆还田有利于砂姜黑土肥力的提升,然而并没有缓解由施肥导致的土壤酸化对土壤细菌群落组成和多样性产生的不利影响。这暗示秸秆还田可能并未对砂姜黑土微生物生态产生根本性的有益影响,对于秸秆农田的利用方式还需要进一步研究,以达到农业生产效益和生态效益的并重。
【Objective】 Straw returning to the soil based on the application of chemical fertilizers is an effective measure to improve the fertility of Shajiang black soil. Previous research only focused on the study of physical and chemical properties such as soil structure and fertility, Study on the Influence of Microbial Community. In this study, a typical lime concretion black soil in Mengcheng, Anhui Province was studied in order to reveal the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers and straw on the bacterial community in Shajiang black soil. 【Method】 The 454 high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial communities under different agricultural fertilization measures in Shajiang black soil. The main factors influencing the bacterial community in Shajiang black soil were revealed by bioinformatics analysis. 【Result】 Through the analysis of 454 high-throughput sequencing data, it was found that the main bacteria in Shajiang black soil were actinomycetes, Proteus, Acidobacillus, Meloidogyne and Bacteroidetes. Long-term application of fertilizers significantly increased soil fertility and crop yield, but resulted in significant changes in bacterial community structure and significant decrease in diversity. Straw return to soil is conducive to further improve soil fertility, but did not alleviate the long-term application of chemical fertilizers on the impact of soil bacterial communities adversely. Analysis found that changes in soil pH is the main factor leading to soil bacterial community variation. 【Conclusion】 The application of fertilizers on straw based on the return of straw is conducive to enhance the fertility of saprolite black soil, however, did not alleviate the fertilization caused by soil acidification of soil bacterial community composition and diversity of adverse effects. This implies that the straw returning to the soil may not have a fundamental beneficial impact on the microbial ecology of the Shajiang black soil. For the utilization of straw farmland, further research is needed to achieve both agricultural production and ecological benefits.