论文部分内容阅读
苏联年龄与教育心理学是从二十年代起在同心理学的唯心主义和机械主义进行尖锐复杂的斗争中建立起来的,布隆斯基、维果斯基、巴索夫和列昂节夫等一大批杰出的心理学家在为这门学科的建设和研究方面做了卓越的贡献。苏联心理学家认为心理发展是一个有规律的、服从于自身内在逻辑的、螺旋上升的过程。儿童心理发展的全部规律性,只有在儿童同其他人发生相互影响的“空间”中存在着并体现出来。儿童的心理是在同家长、教师等相互交往过程中发展着的,心理发展的过程是可以有目的地予以控制的。苏联教育心理学在认识过程心理学方面的主要成就是,确定了掌握知识的年龄标准,深入研究了程序教学和提问教学等一系列独创的教学方法。计算机教学对认识过程的研究起着积极的促进作用。使用计算机工作能使通常隐蔽在内部的心理过程清晰地显示出来加以模拟和研究,目前苏联心理学界正对这方面展开深入研究。近年来,年龄与教育心理学的研究领域正在不断地扩大,它既包括普通学校也包括各级职业教育的教学问题,其中研究职业教育系统中的心理学问题占有相当重要的位置。
The Soviet Union’s age and educational psychology were established in the sharp and complicated struggle of psychosomatic idealism and mechanism from the 1920s. Burson-Marsteller, Vygotsky, Basov and Leon A large number of distinguished psychologists have made outstanding contributions to the construction and research of this discipline. Soviet psychologists believe that the development of the mind is a regular, subordinated to its own internal logic, spiraling process. The entire regularity of the psychological development of children exists and is manifested only in the “space” where children interact with each other. Children’s psychology is developed in the interaction with parents, teachers and so on, and the process of psychological development can be purposefully controlled. The main achievements of Soviet educational psychology in recognizing process psychology are: determining the age standard for mastering knowledge; and thoroughly studying a series of original teaching methods such as program teaching and questioning teaching. Computer teaching plays an active role in promoting the process of cognition. The use of computer work can often be hidden in the internal psychological process clearly shown to be simulated and research, the Soviet psychology community is now in-depth study of this area. In recent years, the research field of age and educational psychology is expanding constantly. It includes not only the teaching problems of ordinary schools but also all levels of vocational education. The study of the psychological problems in the vocational education system occupies a very important position.