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目的调查北京市3~6岁学龄前儿童弱视的患病率与相关因素,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取10所幼儿园(其中城区5个,郊区5个)3~6岁在园儿童1 949名作为调查对象,进行视力、眼位、眼球运动检查。进一步使用1%阿托品散瞳验光并行眼底检查,排除其他器质性病变,根据全国儿童弱视斜视防治学组制定的诊断与分类标准,确诊弱视。使用《弱视相关因素调查表》对确诊弱视儿童进行相关因素统计分析。结果弱视患病率为4.83%。男女弱视患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄组弱视患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。市区和郊区弱视患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示3项与弱视发生有关的因素:屈光不正家族史、斜视病史和早产史。将单因素分析有意义的变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童弱视与斜视有密切关系。结论学龄前儿童弱视患病率与性别、年龄、市郊区无显著性差异。弱视患病受多因素影响,早产史、斜视、屈光不正是弱视发生的主要危险因素,其中斜视与弱视的发生密切相关。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of amblyopia in preschool children aged 3 ~ 6 in Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and treatment measures. Methods A total of 1 949 children aged 3 ~ 6 years in the nursery (including 5 in the urban area and 5 in the suburbs) were enrolled in the study. Visual acuity, eye position and eye movement were examined by stratified random cluster sampling. Further use of 1% atropine mydriasis optometry parallel fundus examination, excluding other organic diseases, according to the National Children amblyopia strabismus prevention and treatment group developed diagnostic and classification criteria, diagnosis of amblyopia. The use of “amblyopia related factors questionnaire” for the diagnosis of amblyopia children related factors statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of amblyopia was 4.83%. The prevalence of amblyopia between men and women, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The prevalence of amblyopia in all age groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia between urban and suburban areas (P> 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that three factors related to the occurrence of amblyopia: family history of refractive errors, history of strabismus and preterm birth. Univariate analysis of the significance of variables multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children with amblyopia and strabismus are closely related. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia between preschool children and sex, age and suburban areas. Amblyopia affected by many factors, premature birth history, strabismus, ametropia is the main risk factors for amblyopia, of which strabismus and amblyopia are closely related.