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基于刚性大环分子的独特结构和新颖性能,它们在超分子化学及材料科学领域已引起了广泛关注。侧重介绍一些近期用动态共价化学(dynamic covalent chemistry)方法合成大环分子的研究工作,及其和传统动力学控制的交叉耦合(cross-coupling)方法的比较。耦合方法的主要缺点在于共价键的形成不可逆,产品分布由动力学控制,由此导致大量长于(overshooting)目标大环分子的副产物生成。然而采用可逆复分解反应(metathesis reaction)的动态化学方法可以使大环化合物的合成更加高效。目前,该领域所面临的挑战包括高效制备位置专一性的大环化合物以及更加复杂的二维和三维的分子结构。
Based on the unique structure and novel properties of rigid macrocyclic molecules, they have attracted much attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and materials science. It focuses on the recent work on the synthesis of macrocycles using dynamic covalent chemistry and their comparison with the traditional kinetic controlled cross-coupling method. The main disadvantage of the coupling method is that the formation of the covalent bond is irreversible and the product distribution is governed by kinetics, thereby resulting in a large number of by-products that overshooting the target macrocycle. However, the dynamic chemistry that uses a reversible metathesis reaction can make macrocycle synthesis more efficient. At present, the challenges in this area include the efficient preparation of site-specific macrocycles and the more complex two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular structures.