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目的:探讨3～7岁儿童气质的影响因素,为改善儿童心理行为问题提供理论依据。方法:两级整群抽样,采用有上海第二医科大学附属新华医院儿保科提供的有关NYLS《3-7岁儿童气质量表》对儿童气质进行调查.结果:儿童气质类型及构成比:易养型33.4%,难养型儿12.9%,中间偏易养型40.3%,中间偏难养型儿童有7.6%,启动缓慢型5.8%;不同年龄不同性别儿童在气质类型分布上均无显著性差异;不同年龄儿童在坚持性、反应强度两个维度有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同性别儿童在活动水平、趋避性、反应阈三个维度有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:590名3～7岁儿童气质类型以易养型和中间偏易养型为主,儿童部分气质维度受年龄和性别的影响。
Objective: To explore the influencing factors of children’s temperament from 3 to 7 years old, and to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of children’s psychological behavior. Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling was conducted to investigate the temperament of children using NYLS “3-7-year-old Children’s Temperament Scale” provided by the Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University.Results: The type and composition of children’s temperament 33.4% of raising, 12.9% of hard-bearing children, 40.3% of middle-easterly children, 7.6% of middle-child raising children and 5.8% of slow-starting children. There was no significant difference in the distribution of temperament among children of different ages (P <0.05). Children of different sexes had significant difference (P <0.05) in the three dimensions of activity level, avoidance and reaction threshold. CONCLUSIONS: The 590 temperament types of children aged 3 to 7 years are predominantly susceptible and middle susceptible, while the partial temperament of children is influenced by age and gender.