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建立了非均匀耦合阻抗相对论返波管的非线性理论，模型中计及了慢波结构两端口对电磁波的反射效应，正向波基波与注电子的非同步互作用效应。应用全电磁粒子模拟程序对器件中注波互作用过程及性能进行了数值模拟和优化，报道了Ｘ波段耦合阻抗单阶跃变型相对论运波管实验结果。
The nonlinear theory of the relativistic backbones with non-uniform coupling impedance was established. The effects of the two ports of the slow-wave structure on the reflection of electromagnetic waves and the non-synchronous interaction of the fundamental waves and the injected electrons were taken into account. The whole electromagnetic particle simulation program was used to simulate and optimize the process of wave injection interaction and the performance of the device. The experimental results of the X-band coupling impedance single-stage jump-type relativistic wave tube were reported.