一般认为,科学的综合化和细分化是同时平行发展的,是历史发展的一般规律的反映。其实,问题比较复杂。在人类历史的不同阶段,这些辩证地联系着的发展过程是不相同的。在一定的历史阶段,科学的细分化占主导地位,一个统一的科学细分成局部科学、学科和理论概念,而且至少可按两个方面进行细分:按研究对象分(用各种科学方法去研究对象的各个方面,揭示对象的特性,分解对象);按研究方法分(用各种方法 It is generally believed that the generalization and subdivision of science are parallel developments at the same time and are a reflection of the general law of historical development. In fact, the problem is more complex. At different stages in human history, these dialectically linked processes of development are not the same. At a certain historical stage, the subdivision of science dominates. A unified science is subdivided into the concepts of local sciences, disciplines and theories, and can be subdivided in at least two ways: according to the research object (using various sciences Methods to study all aspects of the object, reveal the characteristics of the object, decomposition of the object); by research methods (in various ways