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在直热式电子枪中,电子枪束源部件结构尺寸的改变会改变静电场对电子束的初次汇聚,从而影响束流品质。针对电子枪中静电场以及电子运动轨迹难以用常规方法直接测量的问题,通过建立1∶1三维模型,并利用CST电磁仿真粒子工作室对整个束流产生过程进行模拟。利用控制单一变量的方法,结合模拟所得数据,得到了在不同条件下,静电场分布、电子的运动轨迹以及各个变量与最终焦点处束流电流密度关系曲线,最终得到了束流品质最优的束源部件结构尺寸。用优化了阴阳极结构及阴阳极距离后的电子枪在铝合金板材上进行实际焊接试验,所得焊缝形貌优于原有电子枪焊接所得焊缝,证明了模拟结果的正确性。此种模拟方法为改善现有电子枪束流品质以及未来电子枪设计提供了参考依据。
In direct thermal electron guns, the change of the structure size of the beam source components of the electron gun changes the initial convergence of the electrostatic field to the electron beam, thereby affecting the beam quality. Aiming at the problem that the electrostatic field and electron trajectory in electron gun can not be directly measured by conventional methods, the 1: 1 three-dimensional model is established and the whole beam generation process is simulated by CST electromagnetic simulation particle studio. Using the method of controlling single variables and the data obtained from the simulation, the distribution of electrostatic field, the trajectory of electrons and the current density of each beam at the final focus are obtained under different conditions. Finally, the optimal beam quality Beam source structure size. The actual welding experiment on the aluminum alloy plate by the electron gun with the optimized anode and cathode structures and the distance between the anode and the cathode is better than that obtained by the soldering of the original electron gun, which proves the correctness of the simulation results. This simulation method provides a reference for improving the beam quality of the existing electron gun and the design of the future electron gun.