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本文梳理了新中国成立以来政府向市场分权的轨迹变迁,审视了其演进特征与绩效,并从制度相容的角度进行了阐释。研究表明,1978年以前政府分权失效的原因在于政府间分权与缺乏市场机制的体制存在制度排斥。与之相对应,1978年后的政府分权使两者逐步达到了制度相容、互补与强化,进而取得了良好的制度绩效。因此,有效处理好市场机制与政府定位的内在关系是中国经济增长的重要动力源泉。
This paper reviews the changes of the government’s separation of powers from the market since the founding of new China, examines its evolution characteristics and performance, and explains from the perspective of institutional compatibility. The research shows that the reason for the failure of government decentralization before 1978 lies in the exclusion of the institutional existence of interdependence of government and the lack of market mechanism. Correspondingly, the post-1978 government decentralization gradually brought the two systems into conformity, complementarity and enhancement, and achieved good institutional performance. Therefore, the effective handling of the internal relations between market mechanism and government orientation is an important source of power for China’s economic growth.