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为明确摘除叶片对豇豆植株的落花率、成荚率、产量及生理生化指标的影响效果,以鄂豇豆6号为试验材料,在植株不同的生育时期摘除不同程度的叶片,统计了豇豆植株的落花率、成荚率及产量的高低,研究了蕾、花和荚的丙二醛、可溶性糖、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶等指标的变化情况。结果表明,在初花期摘除1/3的叶片,与未摘叶对照相比,落花率降低了14.95%,成荚率增加了10.01%,产量增加8.37%。在盛花期不同程度的摘叶处理,落花率均高于对照,其中,轻度的摘叶处理(1/4)将成荚率提高了40.11%,对应的产量提高了5.23%。落蕾、落花和落荚中的丙二醛含量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性、纤维素酶活性与新鲜的蕾、花和幼荚相比都升高,可溶性糖含量均降低。故在生殖生长时期,摘除适量叶片,可以促进落花率的降低和产量的提高,同时,植株脱落材料的生理指标也发生相应的变化。
In order to clarify the effects of leaf removal on the rate of flower-fall, pod rate, yield and physiological and biochemical indexes of cowpea plants, we used the cowpea No. 6 as test material to remove leaves at different growth stages, The rate of flower falling, the rate of podding and the yield were studied. The changes of the indexes of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, polygalacturonase and cellulase in buds, flowers and pods were studied. The results showed that the rate of falling flower was 14.95%, the rate of podding increased by 10.01% and the yield increased by 8.37% compared with the control without picking leaves. At the full bloom stage, the leaf abscission rate and flower abscission rate were all higher than those of the control. Among them, light abaxial treatment (1/4) increased the pod rate by 40.11% and the corresponding yield increased by 5.23%. The contents of malondialdehyde, polygalacturonase and cellulase activity in the leaves, flowers and pods were all higher than those in the fresh buds, flowers and young pods, and the contents of soluble sugar decreased. Therefore, during the reproductive growth period, removal of the appropriate amount of leaves can promote the reduction of the rate of flower drop and the increase of the yield, and at the same time, the physiological indexes of the plant material also changed correspondingly.