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在许多地质条件下,气-水界面处的强反射为地震记录中的多次波提供了大部分的能量,在此,我们阐述一种自由界面的多次波衰减方法,就是运用众所周知的恒定内插技术推导出一个地震记录的反射算子模型,再利用它进行反射波衰减。当然这种方法是在二维平面波域中运行的;而且针对不同的射线参数,考虑到地质构造的横向变化。在这种横向变化是平滑的条件下,地震数据在二维平面波域中压缩得很好,而且最终的有限带宽矩阵也大大减少了计算时间。这种处理方法的一个重要特点就是它的灵活性,也就是允许从任意选择的反射中剔除多次波。 为了得到没有多次波的资料,波动理论基础上的多次波衰减方法就是试图估算出源函数或者地下界面反射系数。而我们的方法就是综合利用了上述两种方法。首先利用反射系数预测多次波旅行时间,然后寻求一个源函数预测振幅。模拟和实测数据都表明,这种方法用来衰减界面多次波时是稳定而成功的。
In many geological conditions, the strong reflections at the gas-water interface provide most of the energy for the multiple events in the seismic record. Here, we describe a multiple interface attenuation approach that uses the well-known constant Interpolation technique deduces a reflection operator model of seismic record, and then uses it to reflect wave attenuation. Of course, this method is in the two-dimensional plane wave domain operation; and for different ray parameters, taking into account the lateral changes in geological structure. Under the condition that the horizontal variation is smooth, the seismic data is compressed well in the two-dimensional plane wavefield, and the final limited bandwidth matrix also greatly reduces the calculation time. An important feature of this approach is its flexibility, which allows the elimination of multiples from the reflections of any choice. In order to get the data without multiples, the multiple attenuation method based on the wave theory is to try to estimate the reflection coefficient of the source function or the subsurface interface. Our method is to make full use of the above two methods. First, the reflection coefficient is used to predict travel time of multiple waves, and then a source function is used to predict the amplitude. Both the simulated and the measured data show that this method is stable and successful when used to attenuate interface multiples.