书家,是从事艺术创作的,以其书艺见长;学者,是搞学术即所谓‘做学问’的,以其著作名世。艺术与学术,似乎是两条道,两种人。但实际上并非如此,二者是可以统一的:许多有成就的书家又是学者;而不少学者同时又是书家,只是彼此的侧重点有所不同而已。这是中国文学艺术领域内颇为有趣的问题,有其深厚的历史渊源。几乎可以说,在历史上,书家与学者常常是一身而二任的。这是因为,在封建社会里,科举取士,文字第一关,字写得不好,便难有入仕升迁之望。读书人都是自幼勤学苦练,不分酷暑严冬,均视‘写字’为每日必修之功课。待到学有所成,书法亦渐臻佳境。故一般士大夫,得享高官者,大都能写一手好字,胜人一筹,今日看来,似乎都可算‘书家’了。 Books, is engaged in artistic creation, with its book art known; scholars, is engaged in academic so-called ’learning’, with its world-renowned writings. Art and academic seem to be two ways, two kinds of people. But in fact this is not the case. The two can be unified: many accomplished book scholars are academics; and many scholars are also book writers at the same time, but their emphasis is different from each other. This is a rather interesting issue in the field of Chinese literature and art, with its profound historical origins. Almost speaking, historians and scholars have historically been one and the same. This is because, in the feudal society, imperial examinations, text first pass, the word is not well written, it is difficult to have the hope of promotion. Scholars are hardworking hardworking, regardless of the heat winter, are regarded as ’writing’ compulsory daily homework. To be successful, calligraphy is getting better. Therefore, the general public doctor, who enjoy senior officials, most can write a good hand, a winner, today it seems, can seem ’Booker’.