潜艇防空作战是一个老话题,也是一个新难题。二战期间纳粹德国海军曾在潜艇上装备防空火炮,用以对付空中飞机,但效果并不理想。在其后长达半个多世纪的时间内,潜艇防空的问题都未能得到很好地解决,各国海军的潜艇均较少装备防空武器,潜艇躲避空中飞机的最佳手段便是潜入水中。然而,随着反潜兵器的迅速发展,以及潜艇较多地在浅水海域活动,潜艇面临空中天敌的威胁日益增大,防空逐渐成为现代潜艇必备的能力之一。目前欧美国家的海军已成功研制出多种潜射防空导弹,德国海军还在开发潜艇防空火炮。这些新型防空兵器的出现,使潜艇有望扭转长期以来在与空中飞机的对抗中总是处于不利地位的境况。 Submarine air defense combat is an old topic, but also a new problem. During World War II, the Nazi German navy once equipped anti-aircraft artillery on submarines to deal with airplanes, but the effect was not satisfactory. Subsequent over half a century later, the anti-aircraft submarine problem was not well solved. Navy submarines in all countries were equipped with less air defense weapons. The best way for submarines to evade airplanes is to dive into the water. However, with the rapid development of anti-submarine weapons and the fact that submarines are more active in shallow waters, the threat posed by submarines to airborne enemies is increasing. Air defense has gradually become one of the necessary capabilities of modern submarines. At present, the Navy in Europe and the United States has successfully developed various submarine-launched anti-aircraft missiles and the German Navy is still developing submarine anti-aircraft artillery. The advent of these new anti-aircraft weapons has given the submarine the hope of reversing its long-standing position of always being at a disadvantage in its confrontation with airplanes.