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目的了解“4.14玉树地震”灾区藏族青少年远期心理健康重构过程中学校适应能力情况。方法2015年9月对青海省玉树震区的2 000名藏族中学生进行学校适应能力问卷调查,采用t检验进行统计分析。结果灾后藏族青少年学校适应感总均分为(2.76±0.36)分,其中违反规则得分最高为(3.36±0.78)分,其次是竞争意识(2.99±0.56)分,而教师亲密度得分最低为(2.29±0.72)分;不同特征学生学校适应能力差异有统计学意义,女生学校适应感中的教师压力为(2.77±0.60)分,违反规则为(3.46±0.80)分,竞争意识为(3.01±0.57)分,均高于男生的(2.68±0.60)、(3.22±0.73)、(2.95±0.56)分;女生学校魅力(2.34±0.65)分,教师亲密度(2.26±0.71)分,均低于男生的(2.42±0.66)、(2.32±0.72)分;高年级学生在校的适应能力强于低年级学生;地震时经历过不同暴露情况的青少年学校适应感差异有统计学意义,不幸暴露程度越高,在校适应能力越差。结论地震对在校藏族青少年的心理健康重构的远期影响依然存在,尚需对灾区青少年的心理健康重构过程给予关注。
Objectives To understand the adaptability of schools in the process of reconstruction of long-term mental health of Tibetan adolescents in “4.14 Yushu earthquake”. Methods In September 2015, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2,000 Tibetan middle school students in Yushu Zhenqu, Qinghai Province, using t-test to analyze the data. Results The total mean of adaptability of Tibetan adolescent schools was (2.76 ± 0.36) points after the disaster, with the highest score of violation rules being (3.36 ± 0.78) points, followed by competition consciousness (2.99 ± 0.56), while the lowest score of teacher intimacy was ( 2.29 ± 0.72). There was significant difference in adaptability among different characteristics of school students. The average teacher stress was (2.77 ± 0.60) in girls’ school adaptability, (3.46 ± 0.80) in violation of rules and (3.01 ± 0.57) were higher than boys (2.68 ± 0.60), (3.22 ± 0.73) and (2.95 ± 0.56) respectively. Girls ’school charm (2.34 ± 0.65) and teachers’ intimacy (2.26 ± 0.71) were lower than those of boys (2.42 ± 0.66) and (2.32 ± 0.72) points for boys respectively. The adaptability of senior students at school was stronger than that of lower grades students. There was significant difference in adaptability among adolescents who experienced different exposure during the earthquake, and unfortunate exposure The higher the degree, the worse the school adaptability. Conclusion The long-term impact of the quake on the mental health reconstruction of Tibetan adolescents in school still exists. However, attention should be paid to the reconstruction process of mental health among adolescents in disaster areas.