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针对飞越观测卫星对目标有效成像的问题,分析与设计了飞越观测卫星的关键参数——飞越轨道相对于目标的轨道高度差。简要描述了卫星观测视场、目标飞行器(群)尺寸与飞越相对轨道高度差的几何关系;分析了观测图像效果对相对高度差的要求,从图像观测效果要求的角度给定了飞越轨道相对高度差的建议取值范围;最后分析了姿态指向偏差、轨道误差等对相对高度差的要求,分别给出了姿态指向偏差、卫星到达预期位置偏差的误差分解,并进行了仿真分析,提出了在考虑各项误差因素的条件下,为了保证在同一幅照片中获得目标完整景象,建议选择的飞越轨道相对轨道高度差。设计的飞越观测卫星关键参数可以兼顾成像效果、观测视场、姿态指向偏差、到达预期位置偏差等各方面约束,参数值设计合理,能够获得良好的观测收益,增加了飞越观测卫星的在轨应用价值。
Aiming at the problem that the over-the-top observation satellites effectively image the target, the key parameter of the over-flight satellites is analyzed and designed-the orbital height difference of the over-orbit relative to the target. A brief description of the geometric relationship between satellite observational field of view, target aircraft (group) size and the relative orbital altitude difference of the overflying flight is given. The requirements of the relative height difference between the observed image effect and the relative altitude difference are given. Finally, we analyze the requirements for the relative height difference, such as the attitude deviation and the orbit error, and give the error decomposition of the attitude pointing deviation and the expected position deviation of the arrival of the satellite respectively. The simulation analysis is carried out, Under the conditions of various error factors, in order to ensure the complete picture of the target in the same photo, it is suggested to select the altitude difference of the relative orbit of the flying over orbit. The design of the key parameters of the over-the-air satellite can take into account the imaging effects, the observed field of view, the deviation of the attitude, the expected position deviation and other constraints. The design of the parameter values is reasonable and can obtain good observation benefits and increase the on-orbit application of the over-satellite value.