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一、历史目前,病毒性肝炎分为三型,即甲型(HA),乙型(HB)和非甲非乙型(NANB)。据文献报道,NANB 肝炎至少有两种病原引起。因此,从病原学观点看,NANB 肝炎又分为输血后非甲非乙肝炎,流行性 NANB 肝炎和散发性 NANB 肝炎三种。流行性 NANB 肝炎的传播途径和临床症状类似 HA,输血后 NANB 肝炎与 HB 相似,散发性 NANB 肝炎从流行病学和临床特点很象流行性 NANB 肝炎。流行性 NANB 肝炎是印度首先报道,在印度曾发生数次水源性 NANB 肝炎流行。1975年国外有人报道1955年12月初到1956年1月20日印度德里发生29,300例黄疸型肝炎,最初认为是 HA,近年来对那次流行中的病人血清(过去保存的)进行了检测,发现那次流行的病毒性肝炎既不是 HA,也不是 HB,因而把它叫作“流行性”NANB 肝炎。流行性 NANB 肝炎发病地区见表1。
I. History At present, viral hepatitis is divided into three types, namely, type A (HA), type B (HB) and non-type A (NANB). According to the literature, NANB hepatitis caused by at least two pathogens. Therefore, from the etiological point of view, NANB hepatitis is divided into non-A non-hepatitis B transfusion, pandemic NANB hepatitis and sporadic NANB hepatitis three. Transmission and clinical symptoms of epidemic NANB hepatitis are similar to those of HA, with NANB hepatitis after transfusion similar to HB, sporadic NANB hepatitis is much more epidemiologically and clinically than epidemic NANB hepatitis. The pandemic NANB hepatitis was first reported in India, where several water-borne NANB hepatitis epidemic occurred in India. It was reported abroad in 1975 that from early December 1955 to January 20, 1956 there were 29,300 cases of jaundice hepatitis in Delhi, India, initially thought to be HA. In recent years, the prevalence of patient serum (preserved in the past) was tested and found The popular viral hepatitis is neither HA nor HB, and is therefore called “pandemic” NANB hepatitis. Epidemic areas of onset of NANB hepatitis in Table 1.