“跟 X一样”及相关句式均可表示比喻和比较两种语法意义 ,本文将之统称为 F.X.A格式。影响该格式的语法意义的因素可以归结为两点 :1) F与 A的语法化程度 ,这是由比喻强调相似 ,比较强调相同的特点决定的。 2 ) X的指称性质 ,这是由 X位置名词所属范畴的层级性特点决定的 “Same as X” and related sentence patterns can both represent and compare two kinds of grammatical meanings, which we will collectively refer to as F.X.A format. The factors that influence the grammatical meaning of this format can be summed up as two points: 1) The grammaticalization of F and A, which is determined by the similarity of the analogy and the emphasis on the same characteristics. 2) The alleged nature of X, as determined by the hierarchical nature of the category to which the X-place nouns belong