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目的了解青岛市小学生营养状况及营养知识、态度、行为现状,为探讨强化干预措施的有效性提供参考依据。方法在青岛市市南区全部小学开展为期1年的综合干预,在此基础上,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法选取4所小学三~五年级学生分为干预组(697人)和对照组(731人),干预组进行强化干预,并在干预前后对调查对象进行问卷调查和体格检查,对干预效果进行评估。结果强化干预后,干预组小学生的营养知识知晓率提高到70.33%(P<0.01);干预组小学生“每天都吃早餐”“经常吃新鲜蔬菜和水果”“每天都喝奶”“放学后及周末进行体育锻炼”的健康行为养成率均上升(P值均<0.01);2013年与2014年比较,干预组小学生BMI增长值为(0.60±1.56)kg/m2,对照组为(1.06±1.51)kg/m2,对照组小学生BMI指数增长值高于干预组;干预组和对照组营养状况改善均不明显(P值均>0.05)。结论有针对性的营养健康教育对提高小学生营养知识知晓率、健康行为养成率和预防肥胖的发生等方面优于综合干预。
Objective To understand the status of nutritional status, nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of primary school students in Qingdao and to provide reference for further discussion on the effectiveness of interventions. Methods A comprehensive one-year intervention was conducted in all primary schools in Shinan District of Qingdao City. Based on this, four stratified randomized cluster sampling methods were used to select three third-fifth grade primary school students in intervention group (697) and control group Group (731). The intervention group conducted intensive interventions. Before and after the intervention, questionnaires and physical examinations were conducted on the survey subjects to evaluate the intervention effect. Results After intensive intervention, the rate of awareness of nutritional knowledge among pupils in the intervention group increased to 70.33% (P <0.01); pupils in the intervention group had “breakfast every day”, “often eat fresh vegetables and fruits” (P <0.01). In 2013 and 2014, the growth rate of BMI in intervention group was (0.60 ± 1.56) kg / m2 in the control group and (1.06 ± 1.51) kg / m2 in the control group. The growth of BMI index in the control group was higher than that in the intervention group. The nutritional status of the intervention group and the control group had no significant improvement (P> 0.05). Conclusion Targeted nutrition and health education is better than comprehensive intervention in improving the awareness of nutritional knowledge among primary school students, the rate of healthy behavior and the prevention of obesity.