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近代乡村职业分化不充分,使农民缺乏向其他职业中谋求发展的机会;城市就业不足和收入低下,限制了农民经由离村获得新的社会地位;在城市中缺乏出路的农民,由于农产品市场波动和农家副业萎缩,农家经济状况恶化,农民在农业经营中同样难以创造向上流动的机遇。近代中国社会经济变迁并未给渴望向上流动的广大农民提供适宜的社会环境。
Inadequate differentiation of modern rural occupations, so that farmers lack the opportunity to seek development in other occupations; urban underemployment and low income, limiting the peasants to get through the village to obtain new social status; lack of outlets in the city of peasants, due to fluctuations in agricultural markets And farm sideline shrinking, worsened the economic status of farmers, farmers are also difficult to create in the agricultural business upward mobility opportunities. The social and economic changes in modern China did not provide a suitable social environment for the vast number of peasants who long for upward mobility.