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设置不同施氮量和不同施肥时期的小区试验,研究前氮后移对寒地水稻群体质量的影响。结果表明:与农民常规施肥处理(FFP)相比,在105 kghm-2氮量下,前氮后移处理(INM)分蘖成穗率、抽穗期粒叶比和抽穗后干物质积累总量分别提高了5.6%、5.9%和21.1%;在135 kghm-2氮量下,这些指标分别提高了5.2%、13.1%和26.9%,干物质积累增加都达到了5%的显著水平;抽穗期单茎茎鞘重和抽穗后叶面积指数也有增加趋势。相关分析表明,产量与抽穗期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗后20 d的叶粒比、以及抽穗后干物质积累量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。前氮后移在抽穗期具有适宜的叶面积,延缓了抽穗后叶片的衰老,改善了水稻群体质量,增加了抽穗后干物质积累,使水稻产量提高12.3%。
In order to study the effects of nitrogen application on the population quality of rice in cold region before setting the nitrogen application rate and different fertilization period, The results showed that under the treatment of 105 kghm-2 nitrogen, the panicle tillering rate, the grain-leaf ratio at heading stage and the dry matter accumulation at heading stage were significantly higher than those under conventional fertilization (FFP) Increased by 5.6%, 5.9% and 21.1% respectively. These indexes increased by 5.2%, 13.1% and 26.9% at 135 kghm-2 nitrogen level respectively, and the increase of dry matter accumulation reached 5% The stem-sheath weight and the leaf area index after heading also increased. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (P <0.01) between the yield and heading date, stem and sheath weight at heading, leaf-to-grain ratio at 20 days after heading, and dry matter accumulation at heading. The pre-nitrogen uptake had suitable leaf area at heading stage, delayed leaf senescence after heading, improved the quality of rice population and increased the accumulation of dry matter after heading, which increased the yield of rice by 12.3%.