目的：探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）之间的关系。方法：对３２例ＩＤＤＭ患儿和２８例正常健康儿童血清，采用比色法检测ＮＯ和以邻苯三酚自氧化法检测超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平。结果：ＩＤＤＭ组患儿血清ＮＯ水平明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜００１），而ＳＯＤ水平明显低于正常组（Ｐ＜００１）；ＩＤＤＭ中伴血管并发症者与无血管并发症者比较，前者血清ＮＯ的增高和ＳＯＤ的下降更为显著（均Ｐ＜００５）；患儿血清ＮＯ与空腹血糖呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０７３５，Ｐ＜００１），与ＳＯＤ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０４４９，Ｐ＜００５），而与病程无明显相关性；血清ＳＯＤ与空腹血糖、病程均无相关性。结论：ＮＯ参与了ＩＤＤＭ及其并发症的发生与发展。 Objective: To investigate the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Methods: Serum levels of 32 children with IDDM and 28 normal healthy children were detected by colorimetric method and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by pyrogallol autoxidation method. Results: The level of serum NO in IDDM group was significantly higher than that in normal group (P <001), while the level of SOD in IDDM group was significantly lower than that in normal group (P <001). In IDDM group, (P <005). There was a positive correlation between serum NO and fasting blood glucose (r = 0735, P <001) in children with and without hypertension SOD was negative correlated (r = -0449, P <005), but no significant correlation with the course of disease. There was no correlation between serum SOD and fasting blood glucose and duration of disease. Conclusion: NO participates in the occurrence and development of IDDM and its complications.