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中国在经历30多年的高速增长后,经济增长率趋于下降,很多学者都提到了中国“结构性减速”问题。那么,中国的结构性问题是如何影响经济增长的呢?是不是所有发达国家都曾经历“结构性减速”这一门槛呢?本文借助国际比较,尝试从结构视角对中国经济减速的背后逻辑进行探讨。本文认为,中国经济的投资消费结构、外贸结构、人口结构、产业结构和城乡收入结构都存在僵化和失衡等问题,而原来的投资拉动型增长模式已不可持续,这必定造成增长率下降问题。但与发达国家相比,中国经济结构又具有一定的复杂性和特殊性。所以,应从世界经济增长的共性中找出中国经济增长的个性,并努力推进经济结构调整,摆脱结构性羁绊,实现中国经济的持续性增长。
After 30 years of rapid growth in China, the economic growth rate tends to decline. Many scholars have mentioned the issue of “structural deceleration” in China. So, how does China’s structural problems affect economic growth? Does it mean that all developed countries have experienced the threshold of “structural deceleration?” This article tries to look behind the economic slowdown from a structural perspective through structural comparison. Logic to explore. This paper argues that the investment-consumption structure, foreign trade structure, population structure, industrial structure and income structure in urban and rural areas in China are both rigid and unbalanced. However, the original model of investment-led growth is unsustainable, which will inevitably cause the problem of declining growth rate. However, compared with developed countries, China’s economic structure has certain complexities and particularities. Therefore, we should find out the personality of China’s economic growth from the commonalities of world economic growth and make efforts to promote the readjustment of the economic structure, get rid of the structural fetters and achieve the sustained growth of the Chinese economy.