在欧债危机的压力下,为减少公共养老金支出,意大利、西班牙、希腊和葡萄牙推行了养老金改革。改革措施包括提高法定退休年龄,延长领取全额养老金所需的缴费年限,改变养老金计发办法,将养老金水平与人口预期寿命挂钩,降低部分人员的养老金待遇水平,限制提前退休等。改革虽有助于抑制养老金支出的上升,增强养老金体制财务上的可持续性,但却严重影响了民众对养老金制度的信心,极大地改变了民众的安全预期。这说明,应强化养老金制度的顶层设计,充分考虑到人口老龄化对养老金财务的影响,尽早调整养老金制度参数,增强养老金财务的稳健性,以免在经济不景气时被迫推行养老金改革。 Under the pressure of the European debt crisis, pension reforms were introduced in Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal to reduce public pension spending. The reform measures include raising the statutory retirement age, extending the payment period required to receive the full pension, changing the pension plan, linking the pension level with the life expectancy of the population, reducing the pension treatment of some staff members, and limiting early retirement . Although the reform will help to curb the rising pension expenditure and enhance the financial sustainability of the pension system, it has seriously affected people’s confidence in the pension system and greatly changed people’s safety expectations. This shows that the top-level pension system should be designed with full consideration of the impact of population aging on the financial status of pensions, to adjust the pension system parameters as soon as possible and to enhance the financial stability of pension funds so as not to be forced to introduce pensions when the economy is in a downturn Gold reform.