Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive disorde r characterized by earlyonset cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and perip heral neuropathy. The causative gene (APTX) has been recently identified in Port uguese and Japanese kindreds. Three patients with AOA1 were identified in an APT X mutation screening on 28 Southern Italian patients with progressive ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. A novel homozygous missense mutation (H201Q) was found i n one patient and a Japanese missense mutation (P206L) in two. AOA1 clinical het erogeneity and onset later than previously described are shown. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive disorde r characterized by earlyonset cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and peripheral neuropathy. The causative gene (APTX) has been recently identified in Port uguese and Japanese kindreds. Three patients with AOA1 were identified in an APT X mutation screening on 28 Southern Italian patients with progressive ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. A novel homozygous missense mutation (H201Q) was found in one patient and a Japanese missense mutation (P206L) in two. AOA1 clinical het erogeneity and onset later than previously described.