癌症化疗药物的局限性之一是选择性差,用药后往往在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时杀伤宿主正常细胞和破坏免疫细胞的机能,临床上常见一些癌症患者最后死于感染并发症。用传统的筛选模型从微生物中筛选抗癌物质所获得的抗癌抗生素,往往也克服不了上述这种局限性。近几年来研究和寻求选择性好,对正常细胞影响较小的免疫型药物已为各国所重视。 利用免疫佐剂治疗癌症的方法主要是基于通过非特异性免疫刺激,提高宿主抗癌免疫反应水平,这种非特异性免疫治疗的成功,引导人们着重注意在宿主抗癌活性的细胞基础上。就活性细胞而论,除了T、B等淋巴细胞外,活化巨噬细胞无论在特异性或非特异性功能方面都被认为是宿主抗癌防御机制的效应细胞之一。巨噬细胞经刺激剂刺激后发生功能变化,转变成活化巨噬细胞,于体内外均有显著的非特异性的抗瘤能 One of the limitations of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs is poor selectivity, which often kills normal cells and destroys immune cells while killing tumor cells. Some cancer patients often die of infection complications in clinical practice. Anti-cancer antibiotics obtained by screening anti-cancer substances from microorganisms by traditional screening models often can not overcome the above limitation. In recent years, research and seek for selective good, less impact on normal cells of immune-type drugs have been valued by all countries. The use of immune adjuvants to treat cancer is based primarily on enhancing the host’s anti-cancer immune response through nonspecific immunostimulation and the success of this nonspecific immunotherapy has led to a focus on cells that have a host anti-cancer activity. In terms of viable cells, in addition to T, B and other lymphocytes, activated macrophages are considered as one of the effector cells of host anti-cancer defense mechanism both in terms of specificity and nonspecific function. Macrophages undergo functional changes after stimulated by stimulants and transform into activated macrophages with significant nonspecific antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo