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1前言在隧道及地下工程中常用的支护衬砌形式主要有:整体式衬砌、复合式衬砌及喷锚衬砌。整体式衬砌即为永久性的隧道模筑混凝土衬砌;复合式衬砌是由初期支护和二次支护所组成的,初期支护是帮助围岩达成施工期间的初步稳定,二次支护则是提供安全储备或承受后期围岩压力。初期支护按主要承载结构设计和施工;二次支护在围岩较好时按安全储备设计,在围岩较差地段则承受后期围岩压力结构设计与施工,并均应满足构造要求;喷锚衬砌的
1 Foreword In the tunnel and underground engineering commonly used in the form of support lining: monolithic lining, composite lining and spray lining. The integral lining is a permanent tunnel construction concrete lining; composite lining is composed of the initial support and the secondary support, the initial support is to help the surrounding rock reach the initial stability during construction, the second support Is to provide a safe reserve or withstand late pressure rock. The initial support should be designed and constructed according to the main bearing structure. The secondary support should be designed according to safety reserve when the surrounding rock is good, and be subjected to the design and construction of the pressure structure of the surrounding rock in the poor surrounding rock. All these should meet the structural requirements. Shotcrete lining