实验是化学教学的基础,也是实现中学化学教学任务的重要部分。在中学化学教学大纲(修订草案)里,有关实验内容方面已作了明确的要求和具体的规定,但对于每一个实验进行的形式和方法,则要求教师根据实验的性质和教学情况来适当的采用。在这里,我愿意把自己在化学教学中运用实验教学法的一些体会提出来讨论。在化学实验中,一般常用的教学法有下面两种:即归纳法和演绎法。前者是以思维的归纳为主,先由教师(或学生)做实验,让学生观察所发生的现象,进行分析,作出假设,然后在教师的帮助下得出结论,这种方法又叫做启发式教学法;后一种是以思维的演绎为主,由教师先叙述一些原理或讲述实验过程中要发生的现象及应得的结果,然后用实验证实这些原理和过程的正确性,因此这种方法也叫做例证式教学法。关于启发式教学法,在奚尤什金的“苏联中学化学教学法”一书里给以很高的评价,他认为用这种方法所获得的知识“是具体事实的知识,学生把物质和现象的形象牢记 Experiment is the basis of chemistry teaching, but also an important part of chemistry teaching task in middle school. In the Syllabus for Secondary Chemistry (Revised Draft), there are definite requirements and specific provisions on the contents of the experiment. However, the form and method of each experiment require that the teacher should, according to the nature of the experiment and the teaching situation, use. Here, I am willing to put my own experience in the use of experimental teaching chemistry teaching put forward to discuss. In chemical experiments, there are two common teaching methods: inductive method and deductive method. The former is based on the induction of thinking, the first experiment with teachers (or students), allowing students to observe the phenomenon occurred, analyze, make assumptions, and then draw conclusions with the help of teachers, this method is also called heuristic Teaching method; the latter is based on the deduction of thinking, the teacher first describes some of the principles or to talk about the phenomenon of the experiment and the results should be generated, and then experimentally confirm the correctness of these principles and processes, so this The method is also called exemplary teaching method. Heuristic teaching method, in Xi Yu Shijin’s “Soviet middle school chemistry teaching method,” a book to give a high evaluation, he believes that the knowledge acquired by this method "is a concrete fact of knowledge, the students of the material and Keep in mind the image of the phenomenon