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新刑诉法关于技术侦查措施的立法在总体上呈现出粗略、概括、模糊的特点,引发实务部门和学术界对于细化技术侦查规则的讨论。本文通过评估技术侦查立法以及规则细化存在的实际问题和障碍,分析和论证现阶段细化技术侦查规则存在的瓶颈。在立法利益格局上,执法部门处于垄断地位且相互博弈,而公众缺乏参与机会;在现行制度和理论上,检察监督和司法审查两者均不妥适;同时在系统性法律架构中,缺乏有效的隐私权保护、国家赔偿和非法证据排除等司法救济。这些瓶颈的“通过”即技术侦查规则的细化应当是在“相对合理主义”下的阶段性实现,最终达致整个技术侦查措施的法治化。
The legislation of the new Criminal Procedure Law on technical investigation generally shows a rough, generalized and vague characteristic, triggering discussion among the substantive departments and academics about the detailed technical investigation rules. This essay analyzes and expounds the bottlenecks existing in the detailed rules of technical investigation at this stage by assessing the actual problems and obstacles existing in the legislation of technical investigation and the refinement of rules. In the pattern of legislative interests, law enforcement departments are in a monopoly position and play games with each other, while the public lacks the opportunity to participate. In the current system and theory, neither prosecutorial supervision nor judicial review are appropriate; at the same time, in the systematic legal framework, there is a lack of effective The protection of privacy, state compensation and the exclusion of illegal evidence and other judicial relief. The “passing” of these bottlenecks, that is, the refinement of the rules of technical investigation, should be realized in phases under “relatively rationalism” and ultimately result in the rule of law of the entire technical investigation.