Fertility variation and effective number of parents were estimated in the 100 individuals from each of three plantation populations(P1, P2 and P3) of the endangered Pinus nigra. subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata established in the Isparta–Golcuk district in southern Turkey in 1990. Potential relations between cone yield and growth characters(height, diameter at breast height,diameter at base and crown diameter) were also investigated. Large differences were found among populations and within populations for cone production and growth characters. Mean cone production was eight(ranging from6.5 in P2 to 9.1 in P1) for the three populations. The 10 most productive individuals for cones produced 32% of the total cones in P1, 39% in P2 and 34% in P3; 21, 16 and 6individuals, respectively did not produce any cones in the populations. According to the correlation analyses, the relation between cone yield and growth characters changed for the populations, while height, diameter at breast height and crown diameter were positively significantly correlated(r = 0.182, 0.135 and 0.209; p B 0.05) with cone production for the three populations. Fertility variation was1.81 in total of three populations, ranging from 1.72 in P3 to 3.45 in P1). Effective number of parents was 142(55.2of number of parents censused; 29%, P1; 49.8%, P2;58.3%, P3). Fertility variation and effective number of parents were estimated in the 100 individuals from each of three plantation populations (P1, P2 and P3) of the endangered Pinus nigra. Subsp. Pallasiana var. Pyramidata established in the Isparta-Golcuk district in southern Turkey in 1990 . Potential relations between cone yield and growth characters (height, diameter at breast height, diameter at base and crown diameter) were also investigated. Large differences were found among populations and within populations for cone production and growth characters. Mean cone production was eight ( ranging from 6.5 in P2 to 9.1 in P1) for the three populations. The 10 most productive individuals for cones produced 32% of the total cones in P1, 39% in P2 and 34% in P3; 21, 16 and 6 indiduals, respectively did not produce any cones in the populations. According to the correlation analyzes, the relation between cone yield and growth characters changed for the populations, while height, diameter at breast heig ht and crown diameter were positively correlated (r = 0.182, 0.135 and 0.209; p B 0.05) with cone production for the three populations. Fertility variation was 1.81 in total of three populations, ranging from 1.72 in P3 to 3.45 in P1) Effective number of parents was 142 (55.2 of number of parents censused; 29%, P1; 49.8%, P2; 58.3%, P3).