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作为一种特殊的非线性定价机制,阶梯电价能兼顾多重经济和社会目标已经得到了充分的论证,目前关于阶梯电价的争议主要在于其所包涵的三组参数的设计。而在电价上涨周期中,阶梯电价的设计最重要的是要维护社会福利和保障公平支出,以及弥补电力企业的成本,即建立公平的偿付机制。文章首先在对我国居民收入和电力消费数据分析的基础上,认为四档的阶梯电价更符合我国的实际,并采用最大熵模型来估计居民电力需求的分布函数,并根据覆盖率来计算各阶梯的边界电量,进而根据国际经验给出每档的边际电价。文章设计的阶梯电价的方案具有较强的操作性,且能够进一步对阶梯方案进行初步的评估,因此具有较强的实践意义。
As a special non-linear pricing mechanism, it is fully demonstrated that the price of electricity can balance multiple economic and social goals. At present, the controversy about the price of electricity is mainly based on the design of the three sets of parameters it contains. In the rising cycle of electricity prices, the most important thing in designing the price ladder is to safeguard social welfare and ensure fair expenditure, as well as to make up for the cost of power enterprises, that is, to establish a fair reimbursement mechanism. Based on the analysis of residents ’income and electricity consumption data in our country, the paper thinks that the fourth step of ladder price is more in line with the reality of our country, and the maximum entropy model is used to estimate the distribution function of residents’ electricity demand. According to the coverage rate, Of border electricity, and then according to international experience given the marginal price of each file. The design of the ladder price of the program has strong operability, and can further preliminary assessment of the ladder program, it has strong practical significance.