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目的了解稻谷深加工企业生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素的种类、浓度、来源,寻找稻谷深加工过程职业病危害因素关键控制点和关键控制岗位,为职业病防护提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查和检测的方法,在全面了解原辅材料和生产工艺的基础上,对辽宁省沈阳市某稻谷深加工企业生产过程中有害因素的来源及分布进行识别,检测职业病危害因素的暴露水平,分析劳动者可能接触职业病危害因素的过程及可能造成的职业损害。结果该稻谷深加工企业仓储部工作塔,制米部碎米包装及米糠包装、未熟粒包装岗位谷物粉尘时间加权平均浓度分别为9.4、45.6、79.0、11.7 mg/m3,均高于谷物粉尘的时间加权平均容许浓度4 mg/m3;制米部砻谷、去石、碾米、抛光岗位及能源部锅炉房司炉岗位噪声声级分别为89.5、86.8、92.9、87.0、89.6 dB(A),均高于职业接触限值85 dB(A);气化炉旁一氧化碳短时间接触浓度为36.0 mg/m3,高于短时间接触容许浓度30 mg/m3。结论稻谷深加工企业存在的主要职业病危害因素为谷物粉尘、噪声和一氧化碳,关键控制岗位为制米部手工包装岗位和锅炉房司炉岗位。
Objective To understand the types, concentrations and sources of occupational hazards that exist in the production of rice deep-processing enterprises, and to find the key control points and key control positions of occupational hazards in the process of deep-processing rice so as to provide a scientific basis for occupational disease protection. Methods On the basis of comprehensive investigation of raw and auxiliary materials and production processes, the methods of on-site investigation and testing were used to identify the source and distribution of harmful elements in the production process of a rice deep-processing enterprise in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, and to detect the exposure level of occupational disease hazard factors , Analyze the process of workers may be exposed to occupational hazards and possible occupational damage. Results The time-weighted average concentrations of rice straw, rice packing and rice bran packing, and non-cooked rice packing positions were 9.4,45.6,79.0 and 11.7 mg / m3, respectively, both higher than the grain dust time The weighted average allowable concentration of 4 mg / m3; rice Ministry of the valley, stone, rice milling, polishing post and the Ministry of Energy boiler room boiler sound level were 89.5,86.8,92.9,87.0,89.6 dB (A), were Higher than the occupational exposure limit of 85 dB (A); short-term exposure to carbon monoxide gasifier gas concentration of 36.0 mg / m3, higher than the short-term exposure to allowable concentration of 30 mg / m3. Conclusion The main risk factors of occupational diseases in rice deep-processing enterprises are grain dust, noise and carbon monoxide. The key control positions are hand-packing positions of rice making department and boiler positions of boiler houses.