Ⅰ.引言 韧性断裂是合金材料失效的主要形式之一。早在19世纪下半叶,有人就开始注意到金属材料的韧性断裂是通过内部颈缩而发生的。本世纪50年代,Puttick通过一系列实验和分析,提出了韧性断裂的机制是由于在材料内部的夹杂物上形成孔洞。随后,越来越多的实验事实表明,合金材料的韧性断裂是在材料里的第二相粒子(夹杂物)上形成孔洞,随后孔洞生长、汇合这样一个过程。50年代以来,位错理论的发展,电子显微镜的诞生,断裂学科 I. INTRODUCTION Ductile fracture is one of the main forms of failure of alloy materials. As early as the second half of the 19th century, some people began to notice that the ductile fracture of metallic materials occurs through internal necking. In the 1950s, Puttick put forward a series of experiments and analyzes to suggest that the mechanism of ductile fracture is due to the formation of holes in the inclusions inside the material. Subsequently, more and more experimental facts show that the ductile fracture of alloy material is the formation of pores in the second phase particles (inclusions) in the material, followed by the growth of pores and the confluence of such a process. Since the 1950s, the development of dislocation theory, the birth of electron microscope, fracture discipline