在中国古代 ,可以说治国主要就是治人 ,治人的前提是要知人 ,因此人性论就当然地成为治国方略的理论基础。通过对人性的不同预设和认识的解读 ,可以看出其论者各自不同的治国理论。孟子和荀子都是儒门中人 ,但二人在人性论上尖锐对立 ,孟子提出性善论 ,而荀子则认为人性本恶。而这种治国路径选择上的不同是与其所处的社会环境紧密相关的 In ancient China, it could be said that the rule of the state mainly consisted of rule by people, and the rule of man was based on the premise that people should be known. Therefore, the theory of human nature certainly became the theoretical foundation for the strategy of governing the country. Through the different preconceptions and understanding of human nature, we can see that their theorists each have different theory of governing state. Mencius and Xunzi are both Confucianism and Mencius, but the two are sharply opposed to each other in human nature. Mencius makes a good-natured argument, while Xunzi thinks human nature is evil. The difference in the path of governing the country is closely related to the social environment in which it operates